Cold-chain last-mile

A cold-chain last-mile operation delivers ambient and frozen goods from the same truck, often with a subset of stops (secure lockers, gated buildings) that only a driver holding the right key can serve. Traffic in the delivery area is predictable enough to forecast, and drivers still tend to work their usual sector day to day.

What makes this vertical distinctive

Reconfigurable cold compartment — a truck’s compartment is set to ambient or frozen mode before departure, fixed for the whole tour, never carrying both loads at once.
Trusted-keychain deliveries — a set of key-gated stops is kept to a single driver for the day, not split across whoever has room.
Preferred zones — drivers are softly tied to their usual sector, pulled elsewhere only once it’s covered.
Predictive traffic — forecast travel time is baked into the route calculation itself.

Combined example

{
  "resources": [
    {
      "id": "truck-1",
      "vehicleProfile": { "type": "truck", "withTraffic": true },
      "capacities": { "weight": 1200, "ambiant": 400, "frozen": 250 },
      "preferredStopTags": ["zone:usual-sector-7"],
      "tags": ["driver", "bi-temperature"]
    },
    {
      "id": "driver-1",
      "vehicleProfile": { "type": "truck" },
      "tags": ["driver"]
    }
  ],
  "orders": [
    {
      "id": "order-ambient",
      "stops": [
        { "type": "single", "id": "stop-pickup-ambient", "position": { "lon": 2.295, "lat": 48.872 }, "kind": "pickup", "operationDuration": "PT5M", "capacities": { "ambiant": 40 } },
        { "type": "single", "id": "stop-ambient", "position": { "lon": 2.31, "lat": 48.882 }, "kind": "delivery", "operationDuration": "PT6M", "capacities": { "ambiant": 40 } }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "order-frozen",
      "stops": [
        { "type": "single", "id": "stop-pickup-frozen", "position": { "lon": 2.295, "lat": 48.872 }, "kind": "pickup", "operationDuration": "PT5M", "capacities": { "frozen": 20 } },
        { "type": "single", "id": "stop-frozen", "position": { "lon": 2.305, "lat": 48.854 }, "kind": "delivery", "operationDuration": "PT6M", "capacities": { "frozen": 20 } }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "order-afternoon-delivery",
      "stops": [
        {
          "type": "single",
          "id": "stop-afternoon-delivery",
          "position": { "lon": 2.32, "lat": 48.867 },
          "kind": "delivery",
          "operationDuration": "PT8M",
          "capacities": { "ambiant": 10 },
          "tags": ["zone:usual-sector-7"]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "order-keychain-0",
      "stops": [
        {
          "type": "single",
          "id": "stop-keychain-0",
          "position": { "lon": 2.31, "lat": 48.882 },
          "kind": "delivery",
          "operationDuration": "PT5M",
          "tags": ["keychain:trusted-set-1"],
          "authorizedTimeWindows": [{ "begin": "2026-08-03T06:30:00Z", "end": "2026-08-03T08:00:00Z" }]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "order-keychain-1",
      "stops": [
        {
          "type": "single",
          "id": "stop-keychain-1",
          "position": { "lon": 2.275, "lat": 48.88 },
          "kind": "delivery",
          "operationDuration": "PT5M",
          "tags": ["keychain:trusted-set-1"],
          "authorizedTimeWindows": [{ "begin": "2026-08-03T06:30:00Z", "end": "2026-08-03T08:00:00Z" }]
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "additionalConstraints": [
    {
      "type": "atLeastOneValidCapacity",
      "capacities": { "frozen": 0, "ambiant": 0 },
      "name": "bi-temperature-single-mode-at-a-time",
      "resourceTags": ["bi-temperature"]
    }
  ],
  "globalConstraints": [
    {
      "type": "maxCumulatedCost",
      "maximum": 1,
      "costsByResourceTag": {
        "driver": {
          "costsByStopTag": { "keychain:trusted-set-1": { "using": 1 } }
        }
      },
      "name": "one-driver-per-key-set"
    }
  ]
}

Reconfigurable cold compartment

truck-1.capacities carries ambiant and frozen as two independent dimensions. An atLeastOneValidCapacity constraint scoped to bi-temperature-tagged resources requires at least one of the two to stay at zero at every stop — in practice, the truck ends up loaded exclusively with ambient or exclusively with frozen goods for the tour, never a mix. This is a related but distinct pattern from Multi-compartment vehicles: that guide’s atLeastOneConstraint chooses between whole fixed setups, while this gate is checked stop by stop through an ordinary capacities mutual-exclusion.

Trusted-keychain deliveries

order-keychain-0/-1 share the tag keychain:trusted-set-1. A globalConstraints entry of type maxCumulatedCost caps the number of distinct drivers (tagged driver) who can visit a keychain:trusted-set-1 stop at 1 across the whole fleet — so whichever driver the engine assigns to the first keychain stop is the only one allowed on the rest of that set. See Constraints catalog.

Preferred zones

truck-1.preferredStopTags: ["zone:usual-sector-7"] is matched against the same tag on stop-afternoon-delivery — a soft pull toward the truck’s usual sector, scored through maximizePreferredStops rather than enforced as a hard rule. It’s the same preferredStopTags mechanism Driver skills and qualifications documents for a skill preference, applied here to a zone instead.

Predictive traffic

truck-1.vehicleProfile.withTraffic: true makes the engine use forecast travel times for this truck’s legs rather than free-flow distances.

Full payload

Full payload — ready to submit as POST /plans

The preceding example isolates the four mechanisms this vertical needs; this expands it to the scale of a real working day — a full fleet schedule (workingTimeWindow, departure, arrival), the complete objectives list, and enough orders to look like an actual route rather than a minimal illustration. Submit it as-is via POST /plans — the service assigns the plan’s id, so don’t include one of your own.

{
  "tz": "Europe/Paris",
  "resources": [
    {
      "id": "truck-1",
      "vehicleProfile": { "type": "truck", "withTraffic": true },
      "workingTimeWindow": { "begin": "2026-08-03T05:00:00Z", "end": "2026-08-03T20:00:00Z" },
      "departure": { "lon": 2.295, "lat": 48.872 },
      "arrival": { "lon": 2.295, "lat": 48.872 },
      "capacities": { "weight": 1200, "pallets": 12, "ambiant": 400, "frozen": 250 },
      "preferredStopTags": ["zone:usual-sector-7"],
      "tags": ["driver", "bi-temperature"],
      "breaks": [{ "type": "workingDurationSlidingBreak", "minBreakDuration": "PT30M", "maxInterBreakDuration": "PT6H" }],
      "maxWorkingDuration": "PT9H",
      "cost": { "workedHours": { "costFloor": 8, "costCoeff": 1, "overcostFloor": 10, "overcostCoeff": 1.25 } }
    },
    {
      "id": "driver-1",
      "vehicleProfile": { "type": "truck" },
      "workingTimeWindow": { "begin": "2026-08-03T07:00:00Z", "end": "2026-08-03T17:00:00Z" },
      "departure": { "lon": 2.295, "lat": 48.872 },
      "arrival": { "lon": 2.295, "lat": 48.872 },
      "tags": ["driver"]
    },
    {
      "id": "driver-2",
      "vehicleProfile": { "type": "truck" },
      "workingTimeWindow": { "begin": "2026-08-03T07:00:00Z", "end": "2026-08-03T17:00:00Z" },
      "departure": { "lon": 2.295, "lat": 48.872 },
      "arrival": { "lon": 2.295, "lat": 48.872 },
      "tags": ["driver"]
    }
  ],
  "orders": [
    {
      "id": "order-ambient",
      "stops": [
        { "type": "single", "id": "stop-pickup-ambient", "position": { "lon": 2.295, "lat": 48.872 }, "kind": "pickup", "operationDuration": "PT5M", "capacities": { "ambiant": 40 } },
        { "type": "single", "id": "stop-ambient", "position": { "lon": 2.31, "lat": 48.882 }, "kind": "delivery", "operationDuration": "PT6M", "capacities": { "ambiant": 40 } }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "order-chilled",
      "stops": [
        { "type": "single", "id": "stop-pickup-chilled", "position": { "lon": 2.295, "lat": 48.872 }, "kind": "pickup", "operationDuration": "PT5M", "capacities": { "frozen": 30 } },
        { "type": "single", "id": "stop-chilled", "position": { "lon": 2.275, "lat": 48.88 }, "kind": "delivery", "operationDuration": "PT6M", "capacities": { "frozen": 30 } }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "order-frozen",
      "stops": [
        { "type": "single", "id": "stop-pickup-frozen", "position": { "lon": 2.295, "lat": 48.872 }, "kind": "pickup", "operationDuration": "PT5M", "capacities": { "frozen": 20 } },
        { "type": "single", "id": "stop-frozen", "position": { "lon": 2.305, "lat": 48.854 }, "kind": "delivery", "operationDuration": "PT6M", "capacities": { "frozen": 20 } }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "order-afternoon-0",
      "stops": [
        { "type": "single", "id": "stop-pickup-afternoon-0", "position": { "lon": 2.295, "lat": 48.872 }, "kind": "pickup", "operationDuration": "PT5M", "capacities": { "pallets": 1 } },
        {
          "type": "single",
          "id": "stop-afternoon-0",
          "position": { "lon": 2.32, "lat": 48.867 },
          "kind": "delivery",
          "operationDuration": "PT8M",
          "capacities": { "pallets": 1 },
          "tags": ["zone:usual-sector-7"],
          "authorizedTimeWindows": [{ "begin": "2026-08-03T08:00:00Z", "end": "2026-08-03T18:00:00Z" }],
          "preferredTimeWindows": [{ "begin": "2026-08-03T14:00:00Z", "end": "2026-08-03T16:00:00Z" }]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "order-afternoon-1",
      "stops": [
        { "type": "single", "id": "stop-pickup-afternoon-1", "position": { "lon": 2.295, "lat": 48.872 }, "kind": "pickup", "operationDuration": "PT5M", "capacities": { "pallets": 1 } },
        { "type": "single", "id": "stop-afternoon-1", "position": { "lon": 2.265, "lat": 48.887 }, "kind": "delivery", "operationDuration": "PT8M", "capacities": { "pallets": 1 }, "tags": ["zone:usual-sector-7"] }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "order-afternoon-2",
      "stops": [
        { "type": "single", "id": "stop-pickup-afternoon-2", "position": { "lon": 2.295, "lat": 48.872 }, "kind": "pickup", "operationDuration": "PT5M", "capacities": { "pallets": 1 } },
        { "type": "single", "id": "stop-afternoon-2", "position": { "lon": 2.3, "lat": 48.894 }, "kind": "delivery", "operationDuration": "PT8M", "capacities": { "pallets": 1 }, "tags": ["zone:overflow"] }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "order-keychain-0",
      "stops": [
        {
          "type": "single",
          "id": "stop-keychain-0",
          "position": { "lon": 2.31, "lat": 48.882 },
          "kind": "delivery",
          "operationDuration": "PT5M",
          "tags": ["keychain:trusted-set-1"],
          "authorizedTimeWindows": [{ "begin": "2026-08-03T06:30:00Z", "end": "2026-08-03T08:00:00Z" }]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "order-keychain-1",
      "stops": [
        {
          "type": "single",
          "id": "stop-keychain-1",
          "position": { "lon": 2.275, "lat": 48.88 },
          "kind": "delivery",
          "operationDuration": "PT5M",
          "tags": ["keychain:trusted-set-1"],
          "authorizedTimeWindows": [{ "begin": "2026-08-03T06:30:00Z", "end": "2026-08-03T08:00:00Z" }]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "order-keychain-2",
      "stops": [
        {
          "type": "single",
          "id": "stop-keychain-2",
          "position": { "lon": 2.305, "lat": 48.854 },
          "kind": "delivery",
          "operationDuration": "PT5M",
          "tags": ["keychain:trusted-set-1"],
          "authorizedTimeWindows": [{ "begin": "2026-08-03T06:30:00Z", "end": "2026-08-03T08:00:00Z" }]
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "objectives": ["maximizeMandatoryStops", "minimizeResources", "minimizeLargestTourDuration", "minimizeCosts", "maximizePreferredStops", "minimizeDelay", "minimizeWorkingDuration", "minimizeDistance"],
  "additionalConstraints": [
    { "type": "atLeastOneValidCapacity", "capacities": { "frozen": 0, "ambiant": 0 }, "name": "bi-temperature-single-mode-at-a-time", "resourceTags": ["bi-temperature"] }
  ],
  "globalConstraints": [
    {
      "type": "maxCumulatedCost",
      "maximum": 1,
      "costsByResourceTag": { "driver": { "costsByStopTag": { "keychain:trusted-set-1": { "using": 1 } } } },
      "name": "one-driver-per-key-set"
    }
  ]
}

By industry

What makes this vertical distinctive

Combined example

Reconfigurable cold compartment

Trusted-keychain deliveries

Preferred zones

Predictive traffic

Full payload

See also

​What makes this vertical distinctive

​Combined example

​Reconfigurable cold compartment

​Trusted-keychain deliveries

​Preferred zones

​Predictive traffic

​Full payload

​See also

What makes this vertical distinctive

Combined example

Reconfigurable cold compartment

Trusted-keychain deliveries

Preferred zones

Predictive traffic

Full payload

See also